NO compres aves, NO incentives su tráfico ilegal en el país
NO compres aves, NO incentives su tráfico ilegal en el país
Por: Rocío Loaiza Sarabia
Periodista y Educadora ambiental
Colombia ostenta el honroso primer lugar en biodiversidad de aves en el mundo. Con 1903 especies registradas, que representan el 19% de la colección mundial, nuestro país lleva la delantera en variedad de animales alados a países tan prolíferos como Perú que cuenta 1.838 especies y Brasil, 1.798 animales emplumados; no obstante, esta condición que distingue a nuestra nación a nivel mundial; paradójicamente, es caldo de cultivo en el que se cuece una cruel amenaza para las aves, pues los traficantes de fauna silvestre, frente a la colorida y variada oferta de alados de los territorios colombianos, las extraen , maltratándolas, de sus ecosistemas naturales y pasando por encima del Código Penal, Ley 1453, en el artículo 328, modificado por la Ley 1453, de 2011, que establece prisión y multas a las personas que comercialicen ilegalmente la fauna y la flora del territorio nacional; pues venderlas en los mercados internacionales y nacionales y obtener jugosas ganancias, que incluso, ni las autoridades alcanzan a precisar, es su principal objetivo.
De acuerdo a la experiencia con la colección de aves en exhibición, el Director de Biología y Conservación de la Fundación Zoológico de Barranquilla, Biólogo Cristian Olaciregui, asegura que la principal motivación de los colombianos que compran loros, periquitos, guacamayas y cotorras, entre otros, es su tenencia como mascotas, muy a pesar que es un delito tipificado en la normatividad ambiental colombiana (Decreto 1608 de 1978) y penal (Ley 599 de 2000); mientras que “los clientes” europeos y del Oriente próximo, pagan gustosos, millonarias sumas de dinero por conocer y ver de cerca a estos exóticos animalitos oriundos de nuestro país, que son desterrados salvajemente de los bosques.
La lucha titánica de la Policía
Frente a este negocio ilegal tan rentable, considerado por las autoridades colombianas como el tercero más redituable, luego del narcotráfico y de la minería ilegal, la Unidad de protección ambiental de la Policía Nacional, lucha por acabar con estas mafias que se han convertido en otra fuente de financiación para grupos al margen de la ley. Actualmente la Policía Nacional cuenta con 120 uniformados certificados en la identificación de especies en vía de extinción y 20 perros adiestrados que decomisan diariamente, en promedio, 195 animales silvestres de las garras de estos inescrupulosos*
*Fuente: Policía Nacional
Lamentablemente, el número de traficantes de fauna en nuestro país, puede conformar, sin ningún problema, un nutrido ejército capaz de recorrer todos los bosques del país con tal de capturar uno de los tesoros más preciados y valorados tanto en el ámbito global de la biodiversidad; como en los oscuros mercados que controlan los traficantes de especies silvestres: Las aves.
Problema mayúsculo
Tras la incautación de los animales a los traficantes por parte de la Policía Nacional, surge otra dificultad mayor para las autoridades ambientales, que deben encontrar un destino a estos cientos de pájaros en mano, víctimas del tráfico ilegal de aves. Lo ideal, sería devolverlos a su hábitat natural; pero la realidad es que la salud de la mayoría de estos animales emplumados, se encuentra en franco deterioro: alas, picos y extremidades rotas, muchas de las cuales deben ser amputadas, les impiden el retorno a los frondosos árboles de donde nunca debieron salir para ser maltratados salvajemente por los cazadores y traficantes de fauna silvestre, durante el transporte, travesía, tenencia y la venta ilegal.
Una ruta, un destino
La Policía ambiental, una vez decomisa las aves, las entrega a Barranquilla Verde, Establecimiento Público Ambiental –EPA- de la Alcaldía Distrital, que a su vez, está en el deber de redireccionarlas para encontrarles un destino que les garantice su bienestar. La tarea no es nada fácil, si se tiene en cuenta que la primera opción siempre debe ser el retorno a su hábitat natural; pero como esta opción no siempre es posible, la Entidad tiene varias alternativas: entregarlas al Zoológico de la ciudad, a un Zoocriadero o a un Tenedor de Fauna, que es una figura creada por el Estado Colombiano como alternativa de destino para los animales víctimas del tráfico ilegal y que está tomando auge en nuestro país, debido al alto número de animales decomisados diariamente por las autoridades y la capacidad de carga y colección que tienen establecidas los zoológicos.
El Zoo de Barranquilla, un hogar para las aves víctimas del tráfico
Las cincuenta especies de aves, conservadas y exhibidas en el Zoológico de Barranquilla, representan el 42% de la colección total de las 120 categorías de animales del Zoo y están en línea con el primer lugar en biodiversidad de aves de Colombia y representan con altura la gran variedad de alados a nivel mundial.
El director de Biología y conservación de la Fundación Zoológico, el biólogo Cristian Oláciregui, asegura que la gran mayoría de las aves exhibidas en el Zoo, provienen de los decomisos que hacen las autoridades policivas en todo el país. “Es lamentable que el tráfico ilegal de especies siga teniendo tanto impacto sobre las poblaciones naturales de nuestras especies”, puntualiza el Biólogo.
El profesional dice que la Fundación Zoológico también recibe muchas solicitudes de los ciudadanos que expresan su interés en dejar las aves que, de manera irregular, tienen en sus casas como mascotas, en el Zoológico. No obstante, el Biólogo Olaciregui asegura que el Zoológico no puede recibirlas por dos razones fundamentales: la primera, porque la Ley Colombiana deja muy claro que los zoológicos no pueden recibir animales directamente de la comunidad y la segunda, por limitaciones comportamentales de las especies de loros, guacamayas, canarios, etc que durante su largo período de convivencia con las familias, ya están acostumbrados a alimentarse con comida humana, a estar consentidos, incluso a estar cargados, lo cual les impide ser devueltos a su hábitat natural o incluso ser recibidos en los Zoológicos, lugares en donde las colecciones de animales viven en espacios que simulan de la mejor manera, su hábitat natural.
Recomendaciones del Zoo
Cristian Olaciregui, Biólogo del Zoológico de Barranquilla, deja un mensaje bien especial, a los lectores de la Revista PetLovers Caribe: “Los colombianos debemos tener bien claro que la venta de aves NO es legal en el país; por eso es que si compramos pájaros, loros, papagayos, canarios, cotorras o cualquier otro animal silvestre, para tenerlo en casa como mascota, nos convertimos, en el eslabón definitivo de la cruel cadena de tráfico ilegal, pues el dinero producto de la transacción, es el que incentiva la caza y el maltrato de las aves y por supuesto, su comercio ilícito.
El biólogo invita a las familias que, por una u otra razón, ya tienen a estos animalitos en sus casas, a responsabilizase de su cuidado, pues ya estas aves no pueden ser devueltas a su hábitat natural por obvias razones y por ende; tampoco pueden ser abandonadas a su suerte, pues las aves, como el resto de animales, son seres vivos y sintientes.
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